Working Principle of a Ball Valve

Working Principle of a Ball Valve

A ball valve is a type of quarter-turn valve that uses a hollow, perforated, and pivoting ball to control the flow of fluids (such as water, gas, oil, etc.) through a pipeline. It is known for its simple operation, tight sealing, and durability.

1. Basic Components

• Valve Body: The outer shell that holds everything together

• Ball: A spherical element with a hole (called a bore) through its center

• Stem: Connects the ball to the handle or actuator

• Seats: Sealing rings that ensure tight shutoff

• Handle or Actuator: Used to rotate the ball (manual, electric, or pneumatic)

2. How It Works

• Open Position:
  When the handle is turned 90 degrees, the bore of the ball aligns with the flow path, allowing fluid to pass through freely.

• Closed Position:
  Turning the handle another 90 degrees (total 180° from the start) rotates the ball so that the solid side of the ball blocks the flow path, completely shutting off the fluid.

✔️ Because it only requires a quarter-turn (90°) to operate, a ball valve is quick and easy to use.

3. Advantages of Ball Valves

• Quick shut-off with a simple 90-degree turn

• Excellent sealing performance, especially with soft-seated designs

• Minimal flow resistance (full bore design has almost no pressure drop)

• Compact and low-maintenance

• Adaptable to manual, electric, or pneumatic control